A Republican-led Congress and the prospect of a second Trump presidency are intensifying fears over potential national book ban legislation. While historically localized, book restrictions have surged, with over 200 state-level bills proposed in the past two years targeting school libraries and controversial titles, many addressing LGBTQ+ themes.
PEN America and the American Library Association (ALA) warn that language in Project 2025, a conservative policy guide, could pave the way for federal book bans by equating certain content with pornography and criminalizing access. PEN America’s Kasey Meehan urged vigilance, highlighting parallels between state policies and potential federal moves.
Although the ALA reported fewer book challenges in 2024 compared to 2023, PEN America noted a rise in school book removals year-over-year. Disparities in defining “bans” contribute to conflicting data: ALA counts permanent removals, while PEN tracks all temporary removals.
While some doubt a federal ban is imminent, they acknowledge the possibility of increased state-level efforts. “I’m not as concerned about a national book ban, but I believe there will be more on the state and local level,” said Emily Knox of the National Coalition Against Censorship.
Advocates for free expression are working to mobilize bipartisan support, emphasizing the First Amendment’s protection of the right to read and access information.
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