Minneapolis, Minnesota — Minnesota churches are at the center of two separate federal legal battles over immigration enforcement, surveillance and protest rights months after the Trump administration’s Operation Metro Surge triggered widespread demonstrations.
In one case, faith groups are asking a federal judge to determine whether Homeland Security violated an injunction protecting houses of worship when agents conducted undercover surveillance at University Baptist Church in Minneapolis. Court records show federal agents monitored activity there multiple times, including an undercover operation at a martial arts training session held in the church’s gym.
The government argues the surveillance was part of a criminal investigation into alleged protest-related violence rather than immigration enforcement, and therefore did not violate the injunction. Church groups dispute that distinction and have asked the court to disclose whether other congregations were similarly monitored.
A separate case involves more than three dozen protesters accused of disrupting a January service at Cities Church in St. Paul, where one pastor also served as an ICE official. Federal prosecutors charged defendants with conspiracy against religious freedom and interfering with worship.
Defense attorneys are seeking dismissal of those charges, arguing the prosecutions improperly target anti-ICE activism and protected protest activity. The government says the defendants crossed the line from protest into coordinated interference with worship.
Both cases remain unresolved, leaving federal judges to weigh the government’s enforcement powers against First Amendment protections for worship, protest and association.
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